You're welcome for the resources. I think I may have slightly misinterpreted your intentions.
I guess you’re suggesting me to try and replicate sites/webpages I may come across Neocities? (I heard of the place btw, I might make a site there soon)
Yes and no. I was more thinking of you seeing interesting effects created by people on their webpages and trying to reproduce those effects. I am not too sure of any resources that function like Project Euler, for web design, unfortunately. I would actually like to know if there's anything out there like that too (I hope so).
I look forward to seeing your site, if you decide to share with us.
As for hosting a webserver locally, I’m using the Live Server extension on VSCode (ok it’s VSCodium but still), will that be enough for now?
That should do just fine. As long as you can get the site up and running and visit it on your LAN, it'll do the job.
Sorry I couldn't be of more help on this.