Beth Orcutt wants to learn more about life at the bottom of the ocean, to inform decision-making on deep sea mining.

The milestone is essential for slowing global warming, but the hard work is still to come.

The interaction between planets and stellar winds can lead to atmospheric loss and is, thus, important for the evolution of planetary atmospheres1. The planets in our Solar System typically interact with the solar wind, whose velocity is at a large angle to the embedded stellar magnetic field. For planets without an intrinsic magnetic field, this interaction creates an induced magnetosphere and a bow shock in front of the planet2. However, when the angle between the solar wind velocity and the solar wind magnetic field (cone angle) is small, the interaction is very different3. Here we show that when the cone angle is small at Mars, the induced magnetosphere degenerates. There is no shock on the dayside, only weak flank shocks. A cross-flow plume appears and the ambipolar field drives planetary ions upstream. Hybrid simulations with a 4° cone angle show agreement with observations by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution mission4 and Mars Express5. Degenerate, induced magnetospheres are complex and not yet explored objects. It remains to be studied what the secondary effects are on processes like atmospheric loss through ion escape. When the cone angle between the solar wind velocity and the solar wind magnetic field is small at Mars, the induced magnetosphere degenerates.

The severe disease of the face has finally been recognized as a neglected tropical disease. A heightened focus could help to unravel the mystery of what causes it.

The development of superconducting qubit technology has shown great potential for the construction of practical quantum computers1,2. As the complexity of quantum processors continues to grow, the need for stringent fabrication tolerances becomes increasingly critical3. Utilizing advanced industrial fabrication processes could facilitate the necessary level of fabrication control to support the continued scaling of quantum processors. However, at present, these industrial processes are not optimized to produce high-coherence devices, nor are they a priori compatible with the approaches commonly used to make superconducting qubits. Here we demonstrate superconducting transmon qubits manufactured in a 300 mm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) pilot line using industrial fabrication methods, with resulting relaxation and coherence times exceeding 100 μs. We show across-wafer, large-scale statistics of coherence, yield, variability and ageing that confirm the validity of our approach. The presented industry-scale fabrication process, which uses only optical lithography and reactive-ion etching, has a performance and yield in line with conventional laboratory-style techniques utilizing metal lift-off, angled evaporation and electron-beam writing4. Moreover, it offers the potential for further upscaling through three-dimensional integration5 and more process optimization. This result marks the advent of an alternative and new, large-scale, truly CMOS-compatible fabrication method for superconducting quantum computing processors. Superconducting transmon qubits have been fabricated in a 300 mm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) pilot line using industrial fabrication methods, achieving relaxation and coherence times exceeding 100 μs.

Industry research funding is vastly eclipsing academia’s spend, but healthy development demands broad input.

Depletion of the molecule gluconate halts gut colonization by a pathogen.

The power of big tech is outstripping any ‘Brussels effect’ from the EU’s AI Act.

Neuronal insulin resistance caused by excess extracellular matrix.

A mechanism for metabolic disease is traced to a defective cellular scaffolding that holds together the brain’s hunger cells.