left: entrepreneur, ambitious, hustle culture. right: lazy, complacent, provides no benefit to society
The so-called tragedy of the commons is bullshit. It's a just so story invented by capitalist economists to justify governments seizing land and other resources and selling them to private owners.
I mean, look at your own link. The modern conception of the tragedy of the commons was written up by a guy who looked at a common pasture and thought "if everybody put more cows on that pasture than they were allowed by custom, the pasture would be overgrazed". Which is trivially true. The fact that, in hundreds of years, that pasture had not been overgrazed, because herders did the right thing and shared the pasture with one another according to longstanding custom, did not occur to him.
The tragedy of the commons only occurs when people become stupid, selfish, or desperate, and ignore or forget the existing rules governing use of the commons. People have managed common land without overusing it for, quite literally, all of human history. But when times of crisis come and the cultural norms that governed the common land break down, we see people taking everything they can for themselves.
And capitalism is just such a crisis. It's a mind virus. It takes perfectly normal people, with natural instincts to cooperate and help one another, and turns them into cancer cells only interested in maximizing their personal profit at the expense of everyone and everything around them.
See: the person on the left.
The tragedy of the commons is a tragedy of capitalism. Sane people don't behave that way.
I wish. The conclusions drawn from it are beyond questionable, but if you give people the opporturnity to do something that is convenient for them and fucks over others, far too many will do it. You need rules preventing that. The custom not allowing people to put more cows is that rule keeping things intact.
Tragedy of the commons being a real thing is the perfect illustration of why unrestrained capitalism is terrible. If hoarding wealth isn't considered acceptable, the social pressure will prevent it from occuring. Anyone breaking the rules will suffer actual consequences.
if you give people the opporturnity to do something that is convenient for them and fucks over others, far too many will do it. You need rules preventing that. The custom not allowing people to put more cows is that rule keeping things intact.
Exactly. And people, naturally, follow rules. Social rules, cultural rules, religious rules, how many people obey the law even when there is zero chance anyone will ever punish them for breaking the law? Humans are inherently hierarchical and tribal and have an instinct to obey authority.
That is to say, when there is a community, and there is a resource, that community will naturally produce rules to govern use of the resource, and people will naturally follow those rules. Coercion is rarely required. People will simply internalize, as children, that good people follow the rules.
Which is why the tragedy of the comments is something that occurs only in crisis situations. When people are desperate so they break the rules and take more than they need. When the people formally living there have been killed or driven off and the new settlers don't know what rules to follow to maintain the resource. And when people have been poisoned by a mind virus that valorizes selfishness and prioritizes individual profit above all else, so they believe it's right and moral to harm their neighbors for their own benefit.
Capitalist economists will tell you the tragedy of the commons occurs whenever and wherever resources are not privately owned. They lie. The tragedy of the commons occurs when capitalists are allowed to teach children that selfishness is a virtue.
but if you give people the opporturnity to do something that is convenient for them and fucks over others, far too many will do it.
That's called kleptomania, and it's actually pretty rare.
Normally, people are far too considerate of others and far too scared of even a slight possibility of losing someone's friendship or being marked as a thief to do things that fuck over others just because it is to their best judgment convenient for them.
Where it goes wrong is that people are placed in an artificial position where they are shielded from any such consequences. Where the best thieves hold the places of highest honor and wealth, where thieves have legal and physical protection if they steal the right way (including during scientific experiments, where the defectors are shielded from others through anonymity and the legal and social authority of the scientist), where people are forced to steal under contract under pain of homelessness. When there is no ethical consumption under capitalism, what more is defecting on the commons?
A mentally healthy person seeing the opportunity to screw someone over for personal gain warns that person that they've got a vulnerability so they can address it. They tell people when they drop their wallet. They look away from people typing their passwords. They give food to the hungry if they have enough to spare. They don't bother to lock their doors because to them locks are less binding than suggestions. Capitalism isn't the only force that get people to act like kleptomaniacs or xenophobes, but it is the first ideology that has managed to saturate the entire society with those modes of thought.
The tragedy of the commons is such an important lesson. It teaches us that we should beat capitalists with baseball bats until they stop hoarding wealth.