Yep! You can run almost anything on them, these are just x86 machines. However there are much smaller ones that aren't x86 and are actually proprietary ARM-based endpoints, but those are easy to spot usually as they don't have a lot of IO.
As for these ones though, people often repurpose them as low-power servers or firewall boxes.
There's an entire video series & articles called "Project TinyMiniMicro" where a server/homelab outlet ServeTheHome compares multiple popular models, looking at things like performance, cooling, upgradeability (some of these have half height PCIe slots inside), fan noise, thermal throttling, and a lot more.
Definitely worth a watch or a read if you're considering getting one of these, it's pretty comprehensive.