Our ancestors might have developed large brains thanks to fermented foods, which could have improved nutrition and energy supply

Using a sample of Standard and Poor’s 500 firms, we examine determinants and consequences of U.S. firms’ return-to-office (RTO) mandates. Results of our determi

Each year, older adults lose more than $28 billion to financial scams targeting the elderly. Nearly three-quarters of that money is stolen by people the elderly adult knows—people they trust.

This is a video about the most famous problem in Game Theory, the Prisoner’s Dilemma. Head to https://brilliant.org/veritasium to start your free 30-day trial, and the first 200 people get 20% off an annual premium subscription. Special thanks to our Patreon supporters! Join the community to help us keep our videos free, forever: https://ve42.co/PatreonDEB If you’re looking for a molecular modeling kit, try Snatoms – a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically – https://ve42.co/SnatomsV ▀▀▀ A massive thank you to Prof. Robert Axelrod and Prof. Steven Strogatz for their expertise and time. To read more about Prof. Axelrod’s Passion for Cooperation visit: https://ve42.co/Axelrod2023 A massive thanks to the wonderful Nicky Case. Nicky’s “The Evolution of Trust” game was a huge inspiration for this video. We highly recommend you play this excellent game yourself, over at: https://ncase.me/trust/ A huge thank you to those who helped us understand and fact check different parts of this topic - Dr. Christian Hilbe, Dr. Vincent Knight, Dr. Jelena Grujic, Prof. Andreas Diekmann, and Dr. Alexander Stewart. ▀▀▀ References: Excellent game on the evolution of trust by Nicky Case - https://ve42.co/Case2023 Summary of Axelrod’s work by This Place - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BOvAbjfJ0x0 How to outsmart the Prisoner’s Dilemma by TED-Ed - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=emyi4z-O0ls&pp=ygUScHJpc29uZXIncyBkaWxlbW1h Tit for Tat by radiolab - https://ve42.co/T4T The Golden Rule by radiolab - https://ve42.co/GoldenRule Axelrod, R. (1984). The Evolution of Cooperation. Dawkins, R. (2016). The selfish gene. Oxford university press. Poundstone, W. (1992). Prisoner's Dilemma. William Poundstone. Nowak, M. A., & Highfield, R. (2011). Supercooperators. Edinburgh: Canongate. Binmore, K. (2007). Game theory: a very short introduction. OUP Oxford. Northrup, L. & Rock, D. (1966). The Detection of Joe I. - https://ve42.co/JOE1 Prisoner’s dilemma, Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/WikiPD Prisoner’s Dilemma, Stanford - https://ve42.co/StanfordPD Flood, M. M. (1952). Some experimental games. - https://ve42.co/Flood1952 Historical nuclear weapons stockpiles, Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/WikiNWS Goodwin, I. (1998). The Price of Victory in Cold War - https://ve42.co/Goodwin1998 Cold war: How it happened. - https://ve42.co/CW2014 Axelrod, R. (1980). Effective choice in the prisoner's dilemma. Journal of conflict resolution, 24(1), 3-25. - https://ve42.co/Axelrod1980a Axelrod, R. (1980). More effective choice in the prisoner's dilemma. Journal of conflict resolution, 24(3), 379-403. - https://ve42.co/Axelrod1980b Axelrod, R., & Hamilton, W. D. (1981). The evolution of cooperation. science, 211(4489), 1390-1396. https://ve42.co/Axelrod1981 Stanislav Petrov, Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/WikiSP Wu, J., & Axelrod, R. (1995). How to cope with noise in the iterated prisoner's dilemma. Journal of Conflict resolution, 39(1), 183-189. - https://ve42.co/Wu1995 INF Treaty - https://ve42.co/INF START Treaties - https://ve42.co/START START I, Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/WikiSTART Images & Video: RAND Historical images via rand.org - https://ve42.co/RAND Golden Balls - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S0qjK3TWZE8 Zotti, G., et al. (2021). The Simulated Sky: Stellarium for Cultural Astronomy Research - https://ve42.co/Stellarium Newspapers from 1980s via Newspapers.com – https://ve42.co/Newspapers Decommisioned nuke image via The Moscow Times - https://ve42.co/MT2012 Soviet inspection image via Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists - https://ve42.co/Krzyzaniak2019 Decommissioning nuclear weapon via ShareAmerica - https://ve42.co/Kaufman2014 ▀▀▀ Special thanks to our Patreon supporters: Adam Foreman, Amadeo Bee, Anton Ragin, Balkrishna Heroor, Bernard McGee, Bill Linder, Burt Humburg, Dave Kircher, Diffbot, Evgeny Skvortsov, Gnare, Jesse Brandsoy, John H. Austin, Jr., john kiehl, Josh Hibschman, Juan Benet, KeyWestr, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Mario Bottion, Max Maladino, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Sam Lutfi, Stephen Wilcox, Tj Steyn, TTST, Ubiquity Ventures ▀▀▀ Directed by Casper Mebius Written by Casper Mebius, Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev, and Ashley Hamer Additional research and fact checking by Gregor Čavlović and Will Wood Edited by Peter Nelson Animated by Fabio Albertelli, Ivy Tello and Alondra Vitae Illustrations by Jakub Misiek Filmed by Derek Muller Produced by Casper Mebius, Derek Muller, Gregor Čavlović and Han Evans Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images Music from Epidemic Sound Thumbnail by Peter Sheppard

We may look back on new weight-loss drugs as some of the greatest advances in the annals of chronic disease.

If you’re struggling, consider therapy with our sponsor BetterHelp. Click https://betterhelp.com/vsauce for a 10% discount on your first month of therapy with a licensed professional specific to your needs. Support Vsauce2 on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/Vsauce2 There’s more to the story of Trofim Lysenko and the Soviet Union’s most disastrous era of science than you probably realize. Everyone knows of “Lysenkoism” regarding the USSR’s failed theories of genetics, but Trofim Lysenko’s lifelong body work was driven by a perfect combination of history, revolution, political theory, power, and personalities. Lysenko’s impact on Russian biology was a direct result of crafting science -- and scientists -- in service of Vladimir Lenin’s new Soviet man at a time when the international scientific community was making tremendous progress on genetics and biology. But to Lysenko and Josef Stalin, the real science was in the potential of plants and animals to behave like Soviet citizens. That led Russia and its scientists down a path that derailed progress for decades. But what if Lysenko’s theories on the inheritance of acquired traits actually have merit? A resurgence of support for Lysenko has gone beyond the grim history of science to look at what we know about altering the expression of DNA and how a human’s experiences in life can even affect their grandchildren. The truth is that modern genetics has little to nothing to do with Lysenko, but the specter of his pseudoscience continues to haunt the disciplines of genetics and biology -- and science as a whole. *** SOURCES / ADDITIONAL READING *** “Lysenko’s Ghost: Epigenetics and Russia” by Loren Graham: https://bit.ly/3ReCEpT “A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution: 1891-1924” by Orlando Figes: https://bit.ly/4a8Ti32 “Stalin and the Scientists: A History of Triumph and Tragedy” by Simon Ings: https://amzn.to/3RwD5NE *** CREDITS *** Vsauce2 Twitter: https://twitter.com/VsauceTwo Instagram: https://instagram.com/kevlieber Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/VsauceTwo TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@vsaucetwo Talk Vsauce2 in The Create Unknown Discord: https://discord.gg/tcu Vsauce2 on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/vsauce2/ Hosted and Produced by Kevin Lieber Twitter: https://twitter.com/kevinlieber Podcast: https://www.youtube.com/thecreateunknown Research and Writing by Matthew Tabor https://twitter.com/TaborTCU Editing by John Swan https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJuSltoYKrAUKnbYO5EMZ2A Huge Thanks To Paula Lieber Vsauce's Curiosity Box: https://www.curiositybox.com/ #science #scientist #history

The majority of electrocatalysts selective for CO2 reduction to ethanol are based on Cu. Here the authors report a highly ethanol-selective Sn-based electrocatalyst, which is proposed to operate via a tandem mechanism.

electricity and magnetism are the same thing: in 20 minutes-ish! James Clerk Maxwell: A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field — https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/epdf/10.1098/rstl.1865.0008 Kahn Academy: Deriving Speed of Light from Maxwell's Eqns — https://www.khanacademy.org/science/electromagnetism/x4352f0cb3cc997f5:the-remaining-maxwell-s-equation-and-understanding-light/x4352f0cb3cc997f5:compiling-maxwell-s-equations-how-light-works/v/deriving-speed-of-light-using-maxwell-s-equations Many thanks to my patrons! Join my patreon for an extra video per month: https://www.patreon.com/acollierastro